Introduction and History Electromagnetic Wave Propagation
Velocity Wavelength Attenuation Dispersion
Rocks, Soils and Fluids: Electrical Properties Magnetic Properties
Environmental Influences Heterogeneity, Anisotropy and Scale Radar Equation
Scattering Polarization Fresnel Reflection Snell Angle Stokes-Mueller Matrices Poincare Sphere
Antennas Coupling Near / Far Fields Waveguides Multipathing Resonance
Survey Design Contrast Geometry Resolution Depth of Investigation Orientation
Data Acquisition Data Processing Modeling Interpretation Uncertainty
Noninvasive Surface Applications
![[Under Construction]](images/undercon.gif){kind=small}
Utilty location in the above image:
GPR locating a pair of telecommunication cables (metal) and a natural gas line
(plastic)
under an asphalt street between two rebar-reinforced, concrete sidewalks and
drainpans
from: Olhoeft, G.R., 1999, Applications and frustrations in using ground penetrating
radar:
Ultra Wideband Conference, September 27-29, 1999, Washington, DC, Proceedings CD-ROM
or
http://www.uwb.org/Conference/proceedings, 13p. (invited)
The inverted hyperbolas around the cables and pipes in the
above image may be fit by a simple algebraic function
to self-calibrate the radar to accurately determine the depth to that object. See
example in:
Olhoeft, G. R., 2000, Maximizing the information return from ground
penetrating radar: J. Appl.
Geophys., v. 43/2-4, p. 175-187.
In the example above, the cable and the pipe are fit with two different hyperbolas as the
soils are different around each object.